Aphallia
Aphallia is a congenital malformity in which the phallus (penis or clitoris) is absent.[1]
Incidence/prevalence
It is a rare condition, with only approximately 60 cases reported as of 1989,[2] and 75 cases as of 2005.[3]
Causes
Aphallia is a rare birth defect of unknown cause. It is not linked to deficient hormone amounts or action, but rather to a failure of the fetal genital tubercle to form between 3 and 6 weeks after conception. The urethra of an affected child opens on the perineum.
Prognosis and treatment
Although aphallia can occur in both males and females, it is considered a substantially more troublesome problem in a male, and has in the past sometimes been considered justification for assigning and rearing a genetically male infant as a girl.
Recent advances in surgical phalloplasty techniques have provided additional options.[4][5]
References
- ↑ Aphallia. Retrieved on 2007-12-08.
- ↑ Skoog SJ, Belman AB (1989). "Aphallia: its classification and management". J. Urol. 141 (3): 589–92. PMID 2918598.
- ↑ Chibber PJ, Shah HN, Jain P, Yadav P (2005). "Male gender assignment in aphallia: a case report and review of the literature". Int Urol Nephrol 37 (2): 317–9. doi:10.1007/s11255-004-7974-0. PMID 16142564.
- ↑ De Castro R, Merlini E, Rigamonti W, Macedo A (2007). "Phalloplasty and urethroplasty in children with penile agenesis: preliminary report". J. Urol. 177 (3): 1112–6; discussion 1117. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.095. PMID 17296424.
- ↑ Descamps MJ, Hayes PM, Hudson DA (2007). "Phalloplasty in complete aphallia: pedicled anterolateral thigh flap". J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62: e51. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.04.014. PMID 17574944.
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